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As participants classified the new words they learned while sleeping, fMRI imaging showed that the language areas of the brain and hippocampus were activated.
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To see what was happening inside the brain, a subgroup of participants performed the post-sleep memory test while being imaged with fMRI. In other words, people were more likely to correctly classify the words they heard during slow-wave peaks than the ones they heard during less-optimal periods of brain activity. “We looked how often we managed to hit these up-states with our word presentation, and what we found was that there is a clear dose-response curve: the more often you hit an up-state, the better the memory.” During up states, the brain is highly active and interconnected - prime for learning. During slow wave sleep our brains alternate between “up states” and “down states” every half-second. When a sleeping brain hears a word proved to be an important component in sleep learning. It’s an implicit, unconscious form of memory – like a gut feeling.” Timing Is Everything
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“This sleep-formed memory trace endures into the following wakefulness and can influence how you react to ‘biktum’ even though you think you’ve never encountered that word before. “If you present ‘biktum’ and ‘bird’ to sleeping humans, their brains can make a new connection between the known concept ‘bird’ and the completely new and unknown word, ‘biktum,’” Züst said. Researchers found participants were able to correctly classify foreign words at an accuracy rate that was 10 percent higher than random chance, as long as they heard the word at precise times during slow wave sleep. The result suggests that the approach the researchers used causes the brain to form memory traces, or changes in the brain that help us store a memory. “Implicit memory is hard to explicitly state. We had to access their unconscious, implicit knowledge through questions about semantic aspects of these new words,” Züst said. Study participants were then asked to imagine the object the pseudoword denoted, and to guess whether it was smaller or larger than a shoebox - an approach that allowed researchers to tap into their unconscious memory. Because participants didn’t know a recording was playing while they slept, they were unaware that their brains had heard some of the words before. When they woke up, participants were presented with the fake words again, but this time without their translations. The goal was to see if the words would leave some sort of trace in the patient’s memory, even if it was at an unconscious level. German-speaking study participants slept to the sound of an audio recording that presented pairs of pseudowords representing a non-existent foreign language and their translations. In the study, researchers examined whether people can form meaningful associations between foreign words and their translations while in slow-wave sleep, a stage when a person has little consciousness of their environment. Even more, the sleeping brain is able to make new associations,” said Marc Züst, co-first-author of the paper. “What we found in our study is that the sleeping brain can actually encode new information and store it for long term. But a new study from the Decoding Sleep Interfaculty Research Cooperation at the University of Bern, Switzerland, has shown that the brain’s channels for learning are also open during sleep. They thought our brains were too focused on the nightly housekeeping. Yet scientists didn’t think it was possible to actually learn new things while we sleep. Important stuff gets filed away, while unimportant stuff gets deleted to make room for new learning. While we catch Z’s, our brains are busy organizing and consolidating the information and events we encountered that day. Researchers have long known that sleeping plays an important role in the learning process.
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But it may enhance your ability to learn new vocabulary, according to a study published in Current Biology. infomercial, but new research has found some evidence for sleep learning. Of course, listening to French on tape while you sleep is unlikely to instantly give you the ability to order a vanilla latte and an omelet in a foreign tongue the next morning. “Learn a new language while you sleep!” may sound like the start of a bad 3 a.m.